Study Guide
Earth Science
Chapter 1
Describe
the inner core.
Answer: The inner core occupies the center of the
Earth. It is iron and nickel and is also
extremely hot. However, pressure within
the inner core is so great that it remains a solid.
Describe
the outer core.
Answer: The outer core is hot, molten iron and nickel
under extreme pressure. Convection
currents cause movements in the liquid outer core. Scientists hypothesize (assume or guess) that
these movements cause Earth’s magnetic field.
The outer core surrounds the inner core, which occupies the center of
the Earth.
Explain
why a topographical map has a key.
Answer: The key lists the symbols used on the map and
their meanings. Symbols are used to show
features on Earth’s surface. Without the
key, a person does not know what the symbols on the map stand for. An important part of the key on a topographic
map is the statement of the map’s contour interval. The contour interval enables the map user to
determine elevation, relief, and slope based on the contour lines.
Compare
and contrast maps and globes.
Answer: Maps and globes both show the shape, size,
and position of the features on Earth’s surface. Both are drawn to scale and use symbols to
represent topography and other features.
A globe is a sphere that represents Earth’s entire surface. A map is a flat model of all or part of
Earth’s surface as seen from above. Maps
distort the shape or size of features because they are projections of Earth’s
curved surface onto a flat surface.
Explain
how heat is transferred inside Earth through convection currents.
Answer: Large amounts of heat are transferred to
Earth’s mantle from Earth’s core and the mantle itself. Heat and pressure inside the mantle cause
solid mantle rock to warm and slowly rise toward the lithosphere. When the rising rock cools, it becomes denser
(packed tightly together) and sinks back through the mantle.
Which
layer of the Earth is made up partly of crust and partly of mantle material?
Answer: the lithosphere
Holes
drilled several kilometers into Earth’s crust provide DIRECT EVIDENCE about the
Earth’s interior in the form of rock samples.
Starting
from the surface, what is the correct order of Earth’s layers?
Answer: crust, mantle, outer core, inner core
What
is the transfer of energy through empty space called (like the sun transferring
light and heat through the air)?
Answer: radiation
It
would always be easy to walk up a slope represented by contour lines that are?
Answer: far apart
What
units do scientists use to locate positions on the Earth’s surface?
Answer: degrees
The
feature of a map that relates a distance on the map to a distance on Earth’s
surface is called?
Answer: scale
Using
one or more of your senses to gather information, such as examining a rock to
see what minerals it contains, is called what?
Answer: observing
Which
part of the Earth contains plates?
Answer: lithosphere
What
term describes the difference in elevation between the highest and lowest parts
of an area?
Answer:
relief
Other
than using rock samples through direct evidence, how do geologists learn about
Earth’s interiors through INDIRECT EVIDENCE?
Answer: seismic waves
What
is the diverse way scientists study the natural world and propose explanations
based on the evidence they gather called?
Answer: scientific inquiry
What
is the latitude of the North Pole?
Answer: 90 degrees north
What
is a spherical model of Earth’s entire surface called?
Answer: a globe
An
area’s topography is determined by?
Answer: the area’s elevation, relief, and landforms
Suggestions:
· Study your
definitions in your science folder.
· Review
elevation, relief, and landforms. Pages
22-23
· Review latitude
and longitude, and how the equator and Prime Meridian determine locations. Pages
34 and 35
· Review contour
lines, index contour, and contour intervals.
Page 37
· Remember, too,
that a depression on a map is marked with a closed loop with
dashes inside. This means there is a
hollow in the ground (low ground area).
Page 39
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