Study Guide –
Chapter 10
Lessons 4, 5, 6,
What
3 ways does the water in Earth’s oceans vary?
1)
Salinity
2)
Temperature
3)
Depth
What
is salinity?
Answer: Salinity is the total amount of dissolved
salts in a sample of water.
At
what temperature does salt water freeze?
Answer: -1.9 degrees Celcius
At
what temperature does fresh water freeze?
Answer: 0 degrees Celcius
True
or False???
As
you descend through the ocean, the water temperature decreases. TRUE!!!!!
What
is sonar?
Answer: Sonar (Sound Navigation Ranging) uses sound
waves to calculate the distance to an object.
What
are six major ocean floor features?
1)
trench—a
long, deep valley on the ocean floor through which old ocean floor sinks back
towards the mantle
2)
continental
slope—the steep edge of the continental shelf
3)
continental
shelf--a gently sloping, shallow area that extends outward from the edge of
each continent
4)
abyssal
plain—a broad area covered with thick layers of mud and silt—it is usually a
smooth, nearly flat region of the ocean
5)
mid-ocean
ridges—long chains of mountains on the ocean floors
6)
seamount--a
volcanic mountain rising from the ocean floor that doesn’t reach the surface
True
or False???
Most
waves form when winds blowing across the water’s surface transmit their energy
to the water. TRUE!!!!!
What
is a wave?
Answer: A wave is the movement of energy through a
body of water.
What
is the highest part of a wave?
Answer: The crest is the highest part of a wave.
What
is a wavelength?
Answer: A wavelength is the horizontal distance
between crests.
What
is the ‘frequency’ of a wave?
Answer: The number of waves that pass a point in a
certain amount of time.
What
is wave height?
Answer: The vertical distance from the crest to the
trough is the wave height.
What
is the lowest part of a wave called?
Answer: The lowest part of a wave is called a trough.
True
or False?????
Near
shore, wave height increases and wavelength decreases. TRUE!!!!!
What
is a tsunami?
Answer: A tsunami is a type of wave that is usually
caused by an earthquake beneath the ocean floor.
Why
do waves change as they approach shore?
Answer: The waves become shallower. The bottoms of the waves begin to touch the
sloping ocean floor. Friction between
the ocean floor and the water causes the waves to slow down. As the speed of the waves decreases, their
shapes change.
True
or False?????
Waves
usually roll toward shore at an angle.
TRUE!!!!!
What
is a longshore drift?
Answer: A longshore drift is the movement of sand
along the beach. As the waves slow down,
they deposit the sand they are carrying on the shallow, underwater slope,
forming a long ridge called a sandbar.
What
is a rip current?
Answer: A rip current is a rush of water that flows
rapidly back to sea through a narrow opening in a sandbar.
How
do waves shape a beach?
Answer: Waves shape a beach by eroding the shore in
some places and building it up in others.
What
is a groin?
Answer: A groin is a wall of rocks or concrete used
to reduce beach erosion.
What
are surface currents driven by?
Answer: Surface currents are mainly driven by wind.
What
is the Coriolis Effect?
Answer: The Coriolis Effect is caused by the Earth’s
rotation causing an effect on the direction of winds and currents.
How
do currents in the Northern Hemisphere move when effected by the Coriolis
Effect?
Answer: The currents curve clockwise.
How
do currents in the Southern Hemisphere move when effected by the Coriolis
Effect?
Answer: The currents curve counterclockwise.
What
is the largest and most powerful surface current in the North Atlantic Ocean?
Answer: The Gulf Stream is the largest and most
powerful surface current in the North Atlantic Ocean.
What
is climate?
Answer: Climate is the pattern of temperature and
precipitation typical of an area over a long period of time.
What
is El Niño?
Answer: El Niño is a climate event that occurs every
two to seven years in the Pacific Ocean.
It causes shifts in weather patterns due to an unusual pattern of winds
forming over the western Pacific.
What
is La Niña?
Answer: La Niña
is a climate event that occurs when surface waters in the eastern
Pacific are colder than normal. It
usually brings colder than normal winters and greater precipitation to the
Pacific Northwest and north central United States.
True
or False?????
Cold
water is more dense than warm water.
TRUE!!!!!
What
causes deep currents?
Answer: Deep currents are caused by differences in
the density of ocean water.
True
or False?????
Deep
currents move and mix water around the world.
They carry cold water from the poles toward the equator. TRUE!!!!!
